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Definitions from Early Reflections to Expansion Early Reflections
The first echoes in a room, caused by the sound from the sound
source reflecting off one surface before reaching the listener.
Earth
The British version of the term Ground (In electronics, a place that
has zero volts).
Echo
1) One distinct repeat of a sound because of the sound reflecting
off a surface.
2) Loosely, used to mean reverberation (the continuing of a sound after
the source stops emitting it, caused by many discrete echoes closely
spaced in time).
Echo Chamber
1) A room designed with very hard, non-parallel surfaces and
equipped with a speaker and microphone.
2) Any artificial or electronic device that simulates the reverberation
created in a room.
Echo Return
An input of the console, which brings back the echo (reverberation)
signal from the echo chamber or other echo effects device.
Echo Send
The output of a console used to send a signal to an echo chamber or
delay effects device.
Echo Send Control
A control to send the signal from the input module to the echo
chamber or effects device via the echo buss.
Edit
A switch that does different things depending on the operational
mode that the machine is in:
1) If a computer-controlled transport is in "Stop," pushing the "Edit"
switch deactivates the computer-controlled tension system and allows the
reels to be moved by hand to find the exact spot desired on the tape.
2) If the machine is in "Play", the "Edit" switch makes the take-up reel
cease taking up the tape and it falls to the floor.
3) If the machine is in a fast-wind mode, the tape lifters are defeated
so the tape is in contact with the reproduce head and the engineer can
hear where the selections begin and end.
Editing
1) Changing the sequence of a recording by cutting the recording
tape and putting the pieces together in the new sequence with splicing
tape.
2) Punching in and then punching out on one or more tracks of a
multitrack tape recorder to replace previously recorded performances.
3) Changing the sequence of a digital recording's playback by computer
program.
Effects
Electronic boxes (usually rack mounted) added to a PA system to
subtly change and enhance the signals going through it. Examples
include; Reverb, Delay, Compressor, Chorus.
Effects
1) Various ways an audio signal can be modified by adding something
to the signal to change the sound.
2) Short for the term Sound Effects (sounds other than dialogue,
narration or music like door closings, wind, etc. added to film or video
shots).
Effects Track
1) In film production audio, a recording of the mixdown of all the
sound effects for the film ready to be mixed with the dialogue and
music.
2) In music recording, one track with a recording of effects to be added
to another track of a multitrack recording.
Efficiency
The acoustic power delivered for a given electrical input. Often
expressed as decibels/watt/meter (dB/w/m). ESL - Abbreviation for
electrostatic loudspeaker.
Electret Mic
A condenser microphone where the capacitor plates are given a charge
during manufacture which they retain, therefore requiring no external
power supply.
Electret Condenser
A condenser microphone that has a permanently polarized (charged)
variable capacitor as its sound pressure level sensor.
Electric Current
A more formal term meaning the same as the term Current (the amount
of electron charge passing a point in a conductor per unit of time).
Electric Instrument
Any musical instrument that puts out an electrical signal rather
than an acoustic sound.
Electricity
Electrical current (the amount of electron charge passing a point in
a conductor per unit of time) or voltage (the force pushing electrons to
obtain electrical current).
Electromagnetic Field
Magnetic energy put out because of current travelling through a
conductor.
Electromagnetic Induction or Pick Up
The generation of electrical signal in a conductor moving in a
magnetic field or being close to a changing magnetic field.
Electromagnetic Theory
A statement of the principles behind electromagnetic induction: When
a conductor cuts magnetic lines of force, current is induced in that
conductor.
Electronics
1) On a tape machine, the housing for and the channel circuitry
which processes the signal to be fed to the heads, provide bias, and
playback.
2) The branch of science dealing with the behaviour of electrons/charges
in vacuums, gases, semiconductors and special conductors.
Electrons
Negatively charged particles, which revolve around the centre of
atoms. The movement of such electrons down a conductor causes electrical
current.
Electrostatic Charge
The excess or deficiency of electrons in a given area.
Engineer
1) A technician in charge of a recording session; Also called
Recording Engineer.
2) A person with an engineering degree.
3) A person with sufficient experience in the field to be equivalent to
the education one would receive earning an engineering degree.
Envelope
1) How a sound or audio signal varies in intensity over a time span.
2) How a control voltage varies in level over time controlling a
parameter of something other than gain or audio level.
Equalizer (Parametric, Graphic)
This is used to filter out and adjust specific frequencies in the
PA. This is the part of the PA where you have the most control over the
band's overall sound. It is also the number one weapon against feedback.
Equalization
The process of adjusting the tonal quality of a sound. A graphic
equalizer provides adjustment for a wide range of frequency bands, and
is normally inserted in the signal path after the mixing desk, before
the amplifier. See Feedback.
Equal Loudness Contours
A drawing of several curves showing how loud the tones of different
frequencies would have to be played for a person to say they were of
equal loudness.
Equalization
Any time the amplitude of audio signals at specific set of
frequencies are increased or decreased more than the signals at other
audio frequencies.
Equipment Rack
A cabinet with rails (or free standing rails) that have holes to
accept screws at standard spaces and used to house outboard gear.
Error Concealment
Putting replacement information bits into a digital audio signal to
replace lost bits when the digital recording or processing system cannot
verify whether the lost bits were l's or 0's but can make a good guess
by comparing the known bits that were close in position to the lost
bits.
Error Correct
Exact replacement of lost information bits in digital audio.
Error Detection
The process of discovery that sonic information bits have been lost
in digital audio.
Error Message
A prompt on a computer screen telling the operator that an error has
occurred.
Expander
A device that causes expansion of the audio signal.
Expansion
The opposite of compression; for example, an expander may allow the
signal to increase 2 dB every time the signal input increased by 1 dB. |